- lower east side!!!
- Native american heritage
- History
- Canadian confederation
- Wrecks caused by smog obscuring road, Los Angeles, 1948 [950x751]
- This is Finnish sense of humor from the military vets association: “Expert tips for a great skiing vacation? Stay home.”
- California Historical Society
On this day in 1879, a fire raged through Deadwood, destroying over 300 buildings and leaving 2,000 people homeless. The fire started in a bakery on Sherman Street and quickly spread through town. Citizens rebuilt the town in six months, replacing most of the wooden buildings with brick and stone structures. 🤠 #hifromsd #historicdeadwood #deadwood #deadwoodsd #southdakota #sodak #blackhills #deadwoodhistory #greatdeadwoodfire - @historicdeadwood on Instagram
- Atlas Elyden #20 - the Old Forest
- Воины и Воительницы 2
- d
- History
- Postcards of Cornwall
- 19th Century Research Guide
- Abandoned fort
- Paint and Print
- 1940
- Josef Sudek
- Winter time warm ups in Bethel, AK
- Wyoming exists because Long Nebraska was too powerful
🇺🇸 EN: OMAHA beach, Easy Red sector, Exit E-1, German Resistance Point WN65. Even today, the bunker houses its 50mm gun. Old Photo: Signal Corps. Check our website for more! Link in Bio. 🇧🇷 PT: Praia OMAHA, sector Easy Red, Saída E-1, Ponto de Resistência Alemão WN65. Ainda hoje, o bunker abriga a sua arma de 50mm. Foto antiga: Corpo de Sinais. Confira nosso site para mais fotos! Link na biografia. #worldwar2 #worldwarii #ww2 #wwii #war #ww2pictures #ww2history #secondworldwar #segundaguerramundial #historia #historicalplaces #historyfacts #historylovers #history #historicalphotos #dday #normandy #normandia #thenandnow #antesedepois - @oldnewsofthewar on Instagram
1955 - @saint_louis_sengal on Instagram
- Auschwitz Album Revisited
- Hospitaller / Templar
- Pennsylvania Dutch Country
- brew and concoct heartily
- American history
- Part of a German submarine paraded through Central Park in 1918. [886 x 667]
- Civil War
- Bliss
Nepal Railway / 1927 - @nepali_instagrammers on Instagram
- Bloomington, Illinois
- Montpelier Idaho
- Armenian military
- Alaska Earthquake 3/27/1964 Lived in Kodiak then
- American indians
- Guthrie Oklahoma
- Croisière Jaune - Citroen
- British Colonial
- Civil war
- Daniel McConnell You and I Play Project Visual Research
- Peter and Paul
- BRANDYWINE RIVER MUSEUM
- Columbus, Ohio
- 🔥 Crayola box landscape
- Abu Simbel
- City of New York, 1856
- Shimla
- Battle of New Orleans
The Return oil on linen 36 in by 42 in Sold at Settlers West Gallery back in 2016....A young warrior finds an enthusiastic welcome from his Indian brothers as he returns to his village. His fellow braves had felt that he had met an unknown fate having been separated from them on a recent raid. Their excitement and joy is evident as they greet their lost compatriot upon his safe return. . . . . . #westernartforsale #westernart #nativeamerican #nativeamericanartwork #indians #artwork #indianartwork #westernartcollectors #artworks #frontierartwork #frontierpaintings #cmdudash #cmdudashart #cowboyartistsofamerica #cmichaeldudash #oilpaintings #indians - @cmichaeldudash on Instagram
- American revolution
- Owosso, Michigan
- Beaux Arts Lyon - Divers
- Ancient Civilizations Emerge
- The rulers of the Balkans. First Balkan War Bulgarian poster 1913.
- Balkan Wars 1912-1913
- Bad Ideas
- Klondike Gold Rush, miners and packers going North to Yukon, 1898 [2730x2120]
- Map of the Chesapeake Bay watershed (800x883)
- Volcano, California
- Cheyenne people
- American Splendor
- Gold diggers on the way to Dawson City (1898) [751x592]
- alexander VON HUMBOLDT
- Western Cowboys/Indians & Weapons
- Plymouth england
- Ancestry - Family Research
- FOREST HILLS
- Cartes, Plans de lEst Parisien
- Topographic profile of the highest valley in the Eastern US: Canaan Valley, WV. You might know the area for Timberline Ski Resort on the west slope of Cabin Mountain
- Latin Amerika
- American History
- Christ thoughts
- Quarries
- @claybaae on Instagram
- Granville Street, Vancouver, Canada, 1901. Now the Major Route into the Downtown Core. [700x887]
- Kansas City moves from Missouri. ( Colourised 2020 )
- BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
- Conveyances
- American Civil War Art Pictures
- Pearl Harbor
- Abu Simbel
- America & American History
- Piles of emaciated corpses at the Nazi concentration camp at Bergen-Belsen, Germany. [351 x 350]
- old time logging
- COWBOY PICS
- Antique photography
The Ashokan Watershed Stream Management Program (AWSMP) is pleased to announce an addition to its Ashokan Watershed Weekend slate of programs this summer. On Wednesday, August 19 starting at 7:00 p.m. there will be an online Zoom presentation of the programs and services available to landowners in the Ashokan Reservoir Watershed and the greater Catskill and Delaware portions of the New York City Drinking Water Supply Watershed. This program is geared for current or potential landowners, but other interested individuals are welcome to attend.⠀ ⠀ Landowners in the NYC Watershed have access to a wide variety of assistance programs that aren’t available in other areas of the state. During this helpful program, some of the partners who deliver NYC’s Watershed Protection Program will discuss resources available to landowners who are managing streams, floodplains, wastewater, forests and agricultural lands, and who want to improve and protect their property while benefiting the environment. Landowners will have the opportunity to ask questions about the programs and AWSMP presenters will provide guidance on where to seek additional information. ⠀ ⠀ The program is free to attend, but registration is required. For more information or to register for the event please visit https://buff.ly/2PQxJw2.⠀ #ashokanstreams #ashokanwatershed #ashokanreservoir #nycwatershed #catskills #catskillmountains #landowners #resources #programs #services - @ashokanstreams on Instagram
- Ansel Adams...
- Pacific Palisades
- On this day in history Apache Scout Charles Martine died in 1937. He and Apache scout Kayitah, talked Geronimo into meeting with General Miles under a white flag. Miles double crossed them all and exiled them to the east. Here Martine appears on the left and Kayitah on the right.(736x1194)
- Cowboys and the Wild West
- Chinese forces overrun a U.N. position. at Battle of the Chongchon River, November 25 – December 2, 1950
- California Historical Society
- Silk Pajamas
- Gen. William T. Sherman, leaning on the breach of a cannon, with his staff at Federal Fort No. 7 during the March to the Sea, 1864 [3246x3000]
- GIGANtisch/GIGAnt/giGanTe
- Frederick the Great
- Dalton, Georgia
- D&D
- Cowboy Artwork
- Travel to the Old West
- Dutch Mounted Field Artillery manoeuvring through an inundated defence line during the mobilisation, November 1939 [1875x1453]
- Austro Prussian War of 1866
- Southern California
- Florida in the civil war
- Fort Bragg, California
- Hellenic league
- California Vintage Maps
- Andrew Wyeth
- Ventura County, California
- Ancient Sedona- Palatkwapi
- Medieval Knievel
- American Revolution
#ceskyrajvcase #ceskyraj @ceskyrajklenotnasivlasti #czechparadise #czechia #czechrepublic #turnov #turnovsko #semilsko #pojizeří - @ceskyrajvcase on Instagram
- British Artillery
- 10th MOUNTAIN DIVISION
- Resist British Rule (1970s)
Happy 916 Day! #mysacramento #sacramento #visitsacramento #california - @mysacramento on Instagram
- Books Worth Reading
- Alaska
- Classic Army
- Rough Riders
TODAY IN HISTORY. In the first major land battle of the #CivilWar a large #Union force under General McDowell is routed by a #Confederate #army under General Beauregard. Three months after the Civil War erupted at #FortSumter , #Union #military command still believed that the #Confederacy could be crushed quickly and with little loss of life. In July, this overconfidence led to a premature offensive into #Virginia by General McDowell. Searching out the Confederate forces, McDowell led 34,000 troops toward the railroad junction of #Manassas located just 30 miles from #Washington D.C. Alerted by the Union advance, General Beauregard massed some 20,000 troops there and was soon joined by 9,000 more troops by railroad. On the morning of July 21, hearing of the proximity of the two opposing forces, hundreds of civilians–men, women, and children–turned out to watch the first major battle of the Civil War. The fighting commenced with three Union divisions crossing the Bull Run stream, and the Confederate flank was driven back to Henry House Hill. However, at this strategic location, Beauregard had fashioned a strong defensive line anchored by a brigade of Virginia infantry under General Thomas J. Jackson. Firing from a concealed slope, Jackson’s men repulsed a series of Federal charges, winning Jackson his famous nickname “Stonewall.” Meanwhile, Confederate #cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart captured the Union #artillery and Beauregard ordered a counterattack on the exposed Union right flank. The rebels came charging down the hill, yelling furiously, and McDowell’s line was broken, forcing his troops in a hasty retreat across Bull Run. The retreat soon became an unorganized flight, and supplies littered the road back to Washington. Union forces endured a loss of 3,000 men killed, wounded, or missing in action while the Confederates suffered 2,000 casualties. The scale of this bloodshed horrified not only the frightened spectators at Bull Run but also the U.S. government in Washington, which was faced with an uncertain military strategy in quelling the “Southern insurrection.” #militaryhistory #history #todayinhistory #thisdayinhistory - @understandhistoryofficial on Instagram
“Crystal Park autoroad trip. Pikes Peak and Cog Road from Inspiration Point, alt. 7945 feet. At the end of the road, a handy turntable. - @lodgedout on Instagram
- Guard stands watch over Emmett Mine in Leadville, Colorado during labor dispute. Circa 1896. [1198x913]
Journée mondiale de la photographie 📸 Aujourdhui on fête les 181 ans de linvention officielle du daguerréotype, un procédé photographique développé par les Joseph-Nicéphore Niepce et Français Louis Daguerre en 1837. Le 19 août 1839, le gouvernement français achetait le brevet et annonçait linvention comme un cadeau gratuit pour le monde. 👀👀 Si, à 18 heures 39 ⏰ vous êtes sur la dune du Pilat, vous pouvez rejoindre linitiative lancée en 2013 par le forum Pose Partage, qui suggérait à tous de réaliser son cliché à cette heure précise. Et nous identifier sous votre cliché 😉 avec le #dunedupilat et/ou @dunedupilat 🙋♀️ En savoir + sur cette journée 👉 https://cutt.ly/ffwopuV . . . #worldphotographyday #dunedupilat #naturelovers #landscapes #photography #duneofpilat #naturalreserve #bassindarcachon #arcachonbay #mybassin #nature #escapade #beautiful #grandair #evasion #balade #naturallandscapes #gironde #sudouest #nouvelleaquitaine - @dunedupilat on Instagram
- Augusto Ferrer Dalmau
- America Out West National Parks
**THE NEW MONUMENT TRAILS AT PINNACLE MOUNTAIN STATE PARK WILL BE OPEN FRIDAY** (8 am, September 25, 2020) You can get information on the trails at our the dedicated website including links to MTBProject and Trailforks maps. MonumentTrails.com We are working to get the map uploaded to that page but for now here it is. (Also, printed maps will be available at the visitor center.) Its probably going to be busy this weekend so please keep an eye out for other trail users. Lets have a good time and take care of each other out there. There will be no ceremony just open trails. There are directional signs on the trails but youll need to check the apps, website, or print out for trail difficulty ratings. - @armonumenttrails on Instagram
- Homestead
- old things
- Alaska maps
- Tulsa Race Riot -1921
- tinian island
- caramel apple slices
- Dont forget History
- Nelsonville ohio
- 1800s
- Gorgeous old map of the Caucasus Region.
- Aftermath of Uusikylä gun depot explosion that left 4 dead and 69 injured, everything within few hundred meters was destroyed, if it happened just 2 hours later around 100 wouldve most likely died. Its one of the biggest explosions in Finnish history. August 14, 1965
Things look a little different when visitors come to #ExploreColorado today than when they did during this #ThrowbackThursday. ⏰ #DidYouKnow...the Stapleton International Airport used to be a major airport in the western U.S. before @denairport?✈️ Head to our profile to see this entire #TBT story. - @coloradodot on Instagram
- San Gabriel Mountains History
- Battle of Fredericksburg
- Atlas Elyden #41 Aquariia
- American Revolution
- French Senegalese soldiers stand to attention under an Armenian flag flying in Allied-occupied Turkey on this day 100 years ago, Dec 10, 1919
- Serbian army and civilians falling back thru Albanian mountains all the way to Greece in 1915. Feat only imaginable today by the strongest of the strongest [486x353] (More info bellow)
1870-1880 Ο κόλπος της Σούδας. Souda bay. #souda #soudabay #haniaoldphotos #hania #chania #crete #oldphoto #vintagephoto #vintage #history - @haniaoldphotos on Instagram
- 1928 inträffade en materiellt svår bilolycka på riksvägen mellan Örkelljunga och Åsljunga. Det var en Örkelljungabo som körde på en köpman från Skånes Fagerhult.
- Is not rael XD.
- Battle of Cowpens
- British marines pose with a captured gun following the Anglo-Zanzibar War. The War lasted a total of 40 minutes. August 27, 1896 [710 x 493]
- Cannon balls strewn upon a location known as “the valley of the shadow of death”. Crimean War, Crimea 1855. [1125 x 906]
- Tom Lovell
- Article of the Week
- Show Me
- Albert Namatjira
- Hocking Hills in Hocking County, Ohio, 1908
- Library Archives
- No Gravity
🎉 John Nash: The Landscape of Love and Solace - tickets now on sale! 🎉 In 2021, Towner Eastbourne will present the most comprehensive major exhibition of work in over 50 years by John Nash, one of the most versatile and prolific artists of the 20th century. This accompanies a book published by Thames & Hudson and written by Andy Friend, with a foreward by David Dimbleby, Towner Chairman. Combining acute observation and a strong individual vision, John Nash’s oeuvre includes many of the finest depictions of the British landscape created in the 20th century. In a career spanning more than seven decades, Nash produced work across a range of mediums, from iconic oil paintings, now housed in some of Britain’s most important collections, to accomplished wood engravings, line-drawings, lithographs and watercolours. But dont just take it from us. Heres what Alistair Sooke recently had to say in The Telegraph... Paul Nash ... is among the most celebrated British artists of his generation, subject of umpteen monographs and exhibitions – including, in 2016, a retrospective at Tate Britain. The same cannot be said for his younger brother, John (or Jack, to his friends), who has been all but forgotten since his last retrospective, at the Royal Academy, more than half a century ago. A brisk, compelling new biography, John Nash: The Landscape of Love and Solace, hopes to set that right. Next spring, an exhibition of around 250 works will open at Towner Eastbourne in Sussex, before touring to Compton Verney near Warwick. Here is an opportunity to consider John Nash afresh. The Landscape of Love and Solace opens at Towner on 1 May and runs until 26 September 2021. Book your tickets today (all links in our biog! ☝️) #JohnNash #PaulNash #LoveAndSolace #AndyFriend #newbooks #arthistory #artists #Ravilious #alistairsooke Image: John Nash, ‘Over the Top, 1st Artists Rifles at Marcoing, 30th December 1917’, 1918, oil on canvas. Courtesy of the Imperial War Museum. - @townergallery on Instagram
- History
- Indian infantry pull the truck supposed to transport them out of mud and snow in 1962. The incredibly poor condition of the roads and infrastructure, combined with the Indian demilitarization of the region ordered by a misled government would lead to a colossal Indian defeat [720 x 840]
- anza
- Mountain climbers
- *Hail Minnesota
- Gunnery sergeant
- Port Huron, Michigan
- Czechs and Slovaks charge into the fray against Austrians during the battle of Zborov on the Eastern Front. The battle won the fighters a reputation for grit and ability. (1917) [1022 x 667]
- Blowing Rock NC/ Boone, NC
Parte 3 y final: Este proceso llegó a su clímax con la cesión de títulos de dominio a agricultores de la zona, para la construcción de los denominados “Huertos Familiares”. -Las consecuencias de una nueva fase de modernización capitalista en nuestra comuna- Las reformas neoliberales propias del capitalismo que patrocinó la dictadura durante la década de los ochenta, impulso una profunda reestructuración de la geografía económica de nuestra comuna. lo que mercantilizó el acceso a la vivienda e impulso nuevos proyectos inmobiliarios, similares a los gatted communities (barrios cerrados) norteamericanos, lo que intensificó la segregación urbana de nuestra comuna . Unido a lo anterior, se experimentó un proceso de privatización de servicios básicos y aislamiento de familias pobres en sectores de viviendas sociales. Ejemplos de ello son los procesos de tomas de terreno y erradicación en sectores como la candelaria, Boca Sur y San Pedro de la Costa, que según sus propios vecinos: “Los llevó de sectores pobres hacia terrenos polvorientos y escondidos” . Conclusión De la revisión histórica del proceso de conformación de la desigualdad en San Pedro de la Paz, se extraen varias lecciones medulares. La primera, es que la morfología territorial de la comuna, respondió en primera instancia, a un proceso modernizador del capitalismo, en el que prevaleció el criterio económico sobre el social. Por su parte, el modelo de desarrollo económico hacia adentro, produjo los mayores avances arquitectónicos y de calidad de vida, para los vecinos de nuestra comuna, contrario a lo que ocurrió en dictadura, donde se acrecentó la desigualdad y se repitió el patrón que precarizó y segregó a las comunidades más pobres, perpetuando así las distancias con los grupos históricamente más privilegiados. A modo de reflexión final, cabe destacar que la conciencia de esta brecha, genera un componente subjetivo de desigualdad, que lleva a percibirla como una permanente afrenta a la dignidad personal de los que la experimentan. Francisco Pérez Canales. Licenciado en Historia de UCSC. Magister en Historia Social y Económica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. - @sanpedrointeligente on Instagram
- The Great War
- Pebble Mine
- 1800s
- irish independence
- Geological features of the Tyrrhenian Basin [1964x1174]
- The discovery of the statue Antinous in Greece, 1894
- Classic Army
- Birth of America
- French soldiers with a captured German machine gun at Fort Vaux, during the Battle of Verdun, 1916.
- Contrary to popular belief, a white flag does not mean we surrender, but rather were open to negotiations.
- Civil War Paintings Various Artists
- Art of Rick Reeves
- BACK IN THE DAYS
- 1930s
- American Narrow Gauge
. 📜Era il 22 agosto del 1860, quando la Marina di Palmi vide lo storico sbarco di Giuseppe Garibaldi durante la spedizione dei Mille, nella lotta di Risorgimento.. - @la.marinelladipalmi on Instagram
- Langley, British Columbia
- Horse and buggy on Okinawa 1941 during WW2
- Oklahoma land rush
- Royal Gorge Bridge Memory Lane
- Battle of Cowpens
- Saint helena island
- Bering Sea gold dredgers 1906
- Big Bear
- Cold War
- Cuba - history
- Pikes Peak Region History
- Battle of Omdurman
Masarykův okruh právě dnes slaví 90 let! 🥳 Na snímku z archivu je tým Alfy Romeo před tréninkem včetně slavného italského závodníka Tazia Nuvolariho 🤩 #vyroci #masarykuvokruh #brnocircuit #automotodrombrno - @brnocircuit_official on Instagram
- Social Studies Classroom
- A Caterpillar tractor being tested in Stockton, California, 1906
- Civil War Battles
- Lincoln Highway
- Achtung, Panzer!
- Accident Photos from long ago
- Blowing Rock NC/ Boone, NC
- Patton tank
- Bev Doolittle - Artist
- WW1 PHOTOS
- Metal gear online
- Oregon Trail
- Backgrounds
- ALL INDIAN NATIONS
- Baker City, Oregon
- Adventures to take
#ceskyraj #český #ráj #českárepublika #česko #czechia #pojizeří #czechrepublic #ceskyrajvcase #semily #turistika #historie #oldpic #oldpicturechallenge #zima #winter #jizerskehory #krkonose - @ceskyrajvcase on Instagram
- Historical Photos
- virginia beach
🔸 Llegada del tren desde Concepción a nuestra comuna, puente Bellavista. ¿Tuviste la oportunidad de realizar este viaje en tren? #soytome #appsoytome #soytomedelrecuerdo #biobio #octavaregión #octavaregiondelbiobio #tomechile #tomecapitalturisticabiobio #tomecinos - @soy_tome on Instagram
- Castle Rock, Colorado
- Pictures of crosses
- Augusto Ferrer Dalmau
- district six cape town
- Alamo
- Schlacht an der Somme
- Hurley war
- Colonial Empires: Asia
- Woven dining chairs
- lumber mill
- One year before WW1, French calvary still wearing Napoleonic style shining uniforms and armor.
- Pikes Peak Regional History
- Niagara Falls during the freeze of 1911. (599X451)
- County map
- MOUNT HERMON
- French soldier walking in a trench in devastated terrain of the Somme., 1916 [800 × 559]
- 1800s
- my dad’s take on the “bennett wagon” ( great depression era wagon made from car parts and drawn by horses because gas wasn’t affordable) this was taken in the 70’s
- Encampment of the horse artillery during the Crimean War 1855 (colorized) [800 x 520]
- beautiful places
- american western painters
- Colorado
- Oregon Trail Game
- Westfield Massachusetts
- D Day June 6, 1944 and 29th Division, etc.
- Croisière Jaune - Citroen
- Disaster & Catastrophe + Tragedy & Calamity = Emergency & Incident + Urgency & Importancy
- Canadians giving a lorry a helping hand on a shell battered road on Vimy Ridge. April, 1917 [569 X 760]
- Bass Outlaw
- Battles
- ART 260- History of Photography
In 1923, Jack Hervat and an unnamed friend traveled from Milwaukee to California, stopping in Yellowstone along the way. The photographs give a glimpse into travel to and through Yellowstone in the early era of automobile travel and “sagebrushing (camping in Yellowstone). While in Yellowstone, the traveling duo enjoyed fishing, watching wildlife, and viewing geysers — not too different from a visit today, though maybe your car has a few more amenities (like shocks). #tbt The entire Jack Hervat photo album showing the 1923 trip may be viewed online at the Montana Memory Project (link in bio). Photos: YELL68410-PP23 and YELL68410-PP26; Jack Hervat Photo Album (MSC 173) - @yellowstonenps on Instagram
- Practice Trenches at American University, Washington, DC - 1917 [600x441]
- Accident Photos from long ago
- Americana; the Early Days
- A Day in History
- Temple Mount Jerusalem
- Patton tank
- Snow Removal Equipment
- 1600s
- Leadville Colorado
- battle of the bulge
- Boer Wars
- Aircrafts World War One.
- Australian Icons
- November 15th, 1967. USAF astronaut Michael J Adams lost control of his X-15 spaceplane, resulting in a spin and a dive towards the ground at Mach 3.93. He died instantly.
- 1970s
- Needles, California
- People and Lifestyle
- Union Gap, Washingpn
- Main Street, Deadwood, South Dakota, 1876 [2048x1449]
- Civil War Paintings Various Artists
- Africa
- Mt. Evans, Colorado
- Deadwood, USA 1876[800x522]
- 1800-1849
- George Custer
- History of Finland
- Civil War Photos
- Black History
- British
Yr #henluniau heddiw ydi diwrnod cynhaeaf yn Dafarn Faig, Pantglas yn 1926. Diolch i Wasanaeth Archif Cyngor Gwynedd am y llun // Todays #throwbackthursday #tbt is harvest day at Dafarn Faig, Pantglas in 1926. Thanks to Gwynedd Councils Archive Service for the photo. - @cyngorgwyneddcouncil on Instagram
Vamos a Playas de Tijuana. #TijuanaRetro - @tijuanalocal on Instagram
- Monte Casino taken by Polish Army, 1944 (292x260) Battle of Monte Cassino (also called the Battle of Rome) - in fact, four battles fought by the Allied forces with Germany, which took place in 1944 in the area of the monastery on Monte Cassino. This battle is considered one of the most heavy.
- French and Indian War and American Revolution
- bill the kid
- Mexican Revolution
- 10th Mountain Division
- caterpillar
- US Army conducts its first cross-country convoy from DC to San Francisco, July 7 - Sept 6, 1919. Seen here in Eastern Wyoming, the convoy averaged a speed of 5.67 mph (9.1 kph) while moving. [1484x1228]
- AMERICA
- Zug
- Car driving through the American prairie on a trip from New York to Paris in 1908
- On this day in 1916, the james caird landed on South Geogia. On board was kerry man Tom Crean.
- AMERICIAN PIONEERS
A “True” 1905 Vanderbilt Cup Race illustration. - @howard_kroplick on Instagram
- Flathead Lake
- Surface mining
- 1800-1849
